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Lepraria sipmaniana (Kümmerl. & Leuckert) Kukwa |
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Nomenclatural data
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Ann. Bot. Fenn. 39: 226 (2002); type: South Africa, Transvaal Province, Pietesburg District, Soutpansberg Mountains, Llewellin Farm, 13. Jan. 1986, H, Sipman 19.839 (B—holotypus). Leproloma sipmanianum Kümmerl. & Leuckert, Nova Hedwigia 52: 17-32 (1991).
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Morphology
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Thallus crustose, leprose, with membranous to subfoliose appearance; cream or light yellow to grey green, usually relatively bright; moderately thick, soft, lobes can be loose from substrate; shape irregular or rosette, continuous, often fusing with other thalli, sometimes wrinkled, up to 3 cm in diam.; margin delimited to diffuse in places, lobes present, often not surrounding all thallus, well developed, often over 2 mm wide, with raised marginal rim; cortex absent; medulla present, thin, white; hypothallus sometimes present, not conspicuous, brownish, prothallus absent; areoles absent; squamules absent; soredia sparse in places, exposing smooth ecorticate membranous surface, especially near margins, soredia fine to coarse, 40-200 µm in diam., loosely packed; projecting hyphae rarely present, not abundant, short, up to 40 µm; isidia-like structures absent. Photobiont green, coccoid, 4-15 µm in diam.
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Chemistry
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Diagnostic substance is pannaric acid 6-methylester; accessories (not constantly present) include oxypannaric acid 6-methylester, 4-oxypannaric acid 6-methylester, pannaric acid, 7-chloroemodin, fragilin, A01-anthrone, parietin, emodin, "vouauxii unknown 1". Thallus K+ reddish brown or yellowish, hyphae below thallus K+ purple to brownish red, C± yellowish, KC+ reddish brown or yellowish, Pd+ pink.
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Remarks
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L. bergensis, L. membranacea, L. normandinoides, L. sipmaniana are morphologically quite similar, see the discussion under L. bergensis. Species containing pannaric acid 6-methylester as major substance include L. impossibilis, L. sipmaniana, L. vouauxii, L. xerophila, see the discussion under L. vouauxii. Several species can develop well developed lobes, see the discussion under L. membranacea.
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Ecology and distribution
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Substrate and ecology: soil, rock, bark, mosses; mostly exposed, well-lit places. Distribution: Africa, South America, Central America, Sri Lanka, Taiwan.
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