Usnea filipendula

	Usnea dasypoga (Ach.) Nyl.


	Nomenclatural data
	(1875), according to Halonen & Ahti, in litt.—Usnea capillaris Motyka, Lich. Gen. Usnea Stud. Monogr., Pars Syst. 1: 185 (1936)—Usnea esthonica Räsänen, Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser. A4, 34(4): 18–19 (1931).—Usnea filipendula Stirt., Scott. Naturalist 6: 104 (1881).—Usnea flagellata Motyka, Lich. Gen. Usnea Stud. Monogr., Pars Syst. 1: 204 (1936)—Usnea hirtella (Arnold) Motyka, Lich. Gen. Usnea Stud. Monogr., Pars Syst. 1: 220 (1936)—Usnea muricata Motyka, Lich. Gen. Usnea Stud. Monogr., Pars Syst. 1: 219 (1936)—Usnea sublaxa Vain.
	Morphology
	For a detailed description, see Halonen et al. (1998) and Herrera-Campos et al. (1998). Variable taxon. Thallus pendulous; base blackened; branches gradually tapering; fibrils and isidiomorphs conspicuous and numerous; papillae sparse to abundant, mostly on main branches; soralia punctiform, rarely enlarging, often bearing isidiomorphs. Cortex thick; medulla rather thick, dense.
	Medullary chemistry
	(1) chemotype with salazinic acid as a main substance (K+ yellow, orange or red, Pd+ yellow to orange) and protocetraric acid as an accessory substance is known from Europe and North America; (2) chemotype without medullary substances (K–, Pd–) has been reported from Europe (Halonen et al. 1998). In Estonia only the chemotype with salazinic acid is identified (n=13) (Tõrra & Randlane 2007).
	Remarks
	Distinction from U. barbata see under that species.
Click on images to see more!	Ecology and distribution
	Europe (map legend) Corticolous. Reported in Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands (probably extinct), Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine. Estonia 50% of examined specimens grow on Picea, 25% on Pinus, and 19% on Betula; other substrates are of minor importance (Tõrra & Randlane 2007). Very frequent in Estonia, mainly in fresh boreal forests, found in all regions.

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